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Health

Flu viruses have evolved proteins that let them break through mucus

Computer simulations of how influenza A moves through human mucus found it is ideally configured to slide through the sticky stuff on its way to infecting cells

By Karmela Padavic-Callaghan

28 October 2024

Proteins on the outside of influenza A viruses are key to breaching our bodies’ mucus barriers

Kateryna Kon/Science Photo Library/Alamy

Before viruses can infect cells, they must first get to them, often by traversing layers of the body’s protective mucus. Understanding how evolution optimised the influenza A virus for this slimy task could help us create new antiviral drugs.

If you just dropped an influenza A virus into mucus, natural diffusion would never carry it to cells fast enough to cause an infection, says Siddhansh Agarwal at the University of California, Berkeley. Influenza A viruses – the only influenza…

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